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Filename : RC4.php
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<?php

/**
 * Pure-PHP implementation of RC4.
 *
 * Uses mcrypt, if available, and an internal implementation, otherwise.
 *
 * PHP versions 4 and 5
 *
 * Useful resources are as follows:
 *
 *  - {@link http://www.mozilla.org/projects/security/pki/nss/draft-kaukonen-cipher-arcfour-03.txt ARCFOUR Algorithm}
 *  - {@link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RC4 - Wikipedia: RC4}
 *
 * RC4 is also known as ARCFOUR or ARC4.  The reason is elaborated upon at Wikipedia.  This class is named RC4 and not
 * ARCFOUR or ARC4 because RC4 is how it is referred to in the SSH1 specification.
 *
 * Here's a short example of how to use this library:
 * <code>
 * <?php
 *    include 'Crypt/RC4.php';
 *
 *    $rc4 = new Crypt_RC4();
 *
 *    $rc4->setKey('abcdefgh');
 *
 *    $size = 10 * 1024;
 *    $plaintext = '';
 *    for ($i = 0; $i < $size; $i++) {
 *        $plaintext.= 'a';
 *    }
 *
 *    echo $rc4->decrypt($rc4->encrypt($plaintext));
 * ?>
 * </code>
 *
 * LICENSE: Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 *
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
 * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
 * THE SOFTWARE.
 *
 * @category  Crypt
 * @package   Crypt_RC4
 * @author    Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
 * @copyright 2007 Jim Wigginton
 * @license   http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html  MIT License
 * @link      http://phpseclib.sourceforge.net
 */

/**
 * Include Crypt_Base
 *
 * Base cipher class
 */
if (!class_exists('Crypt_Base')) {
    include_once 'Base.php';
}

/**#@+
 * @access private
 * @see self::_crypt()
 */
define('CRYPT_RC4_ENCRYPT', 0);
define('CRYPT_RC4_DECRYPT', 1);
/**#@-*/

/**
 * Pure-PHP implementation of RC4.
 *
 * @package Crypt_RC4
 * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
 * @access  public
 */
class Crypt_RC4 extends Crypt_Base
{
    /**
     * Block Length of the cipher
     *
     * RC4 is a stream cipher
     * so we the block_size to 0
     *
     * @see Crypt_Base::block_size
     * @var int
     * @access private
     */
    var $block_size = 0;

    /**
     * Key Length (in bytes)
     *
     * @see Crypt_RC4::setKeyLength()
     * @var int
     * @access private
     */
    var $key_length = 128; // = 1024 bits

    /**
     * The namespace used by the cipher for its constants.
     *
     * @see Crypt_Base::const_namespace
     * @var string
     * @access private
     */
    var $const_namespace = 'RC4';

    /**
     * The mcrypt specific name of the cipher
     *
     * @see Crypt_Base::cipher_name_mcrypt
     * @var string
     * @access private
     */
    var $cipher_name_mcrypt = 'arcfour';

    /**
     * Holds whether performance-optimized $inline_crypt() can/should be used.
     *
     * @see Crypt_Base::inline_crypt
     * @var mixed
     * @access private
     */
    var $use_inline_crypt = false; // currently not available

    /**
     * The Key
     *
     * @see self::setKey()
     * @var string
     * @access private
     */
    var $key;

    /**
     * The Key Stream for decryption and encryption
     *
     * @see self::setKey()
     * @var array
     * @access private
     */
    var $stream;

    /**
     * Default Constructor.
     *
     * Determines whether or not the mcrypt extension should be used.
     *
     * @see Crypt_Base::Crypt_Base()
     * @return Crypt_RC4
     * @access public
     */
    function __construct()
    {
        parent::__construct(CRYPT_MODE_STREAM);
    }

    /**
     * PHP4 compatible Default Constructor.
     *
     * @see self::__construct()
     * @access public
     */
    function Crypt_RC4()
    {
        $this->__construct();
    }

    /**
     * Test for engine validity
     *
     * This is mainly just a wrapper to set things up for Crypt_Base::isValidEngine()
     *
     * @see Crypt_Base::Crypt_Base()
     * @param int $engine
     * @access public
     * @return bool
     */
    function isValidEngine($engine)
    {
        if ($engine == CRYPT_ENGINE_OPENSSL) {
            if (version_compare(PHP_VERSION, '5.3.7') >= 0) {
                $this->cipher_name_openssl = 'rc4-40';
            } else {
                switch (strlen($this->key)) {
                    case 5:
                        $this->cipher_name_openssl = 'rc4-40';
                        break;
                    case 8:
                        $this->cipher_name_openssl = 'rc4-64';
                        break;
                    case 16:
                        $this->cipher_name_openssl = 'rc4';
                        break;
                    default:
                        return false;
                }
            }
        }

        return parent::isValidEngine($engine);
    }

    /**
     * Dummy function.
     *
     * Some protocols, such as WEP, prepend an "initialization vector" to the key, effectively creating a new key [1].
     * If you need to use an initialization vector in this manner, feel free to prepend it to the key, yourself, before
     * calling setKey().
     *
     * [1] WEP's initialization vectors (IV's) are used in a somewhat insecure way.  Since, in that protocol,
     * the IV's are relatively easy to predict, an attack described by
     * {@link http://www.drizzle.com/~aboba/IEEE/rc4_ksaproc.pdf Scott Fluhrer, Itsik Mantin, and Adi Shamir}
     * can be used to quickly guess at the rest of the key.  The following links elaborate:
     *
     * {@link http://www.rsa.com/rsalabs/node.asp?id=2009 http://www.rsa.com/rsalabs/node.asp?id=2009}
     * {@link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Related_key_attack http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Related_key_attack}
     *
     * @param string $iv
     * @see self::setKey()
     * @access public
     */
    function setIV($iv)
    {
    }

    /**
     * Sets the key length
     *
     * Keys can be between 1 and 256 bytes long.
     *
     * @access public
     * @param int $length
     */
    function setKeyLength($length)
    {
        if ($length < 8) {
            $this->key_length = 1;
        } elseif ($length > 2048) {
            $this->key_length = 256;
        } else {
            $this->key_length = $length >> 3;
        }

        parent::setKeyLength($length);
    }

    /**
     * Encrypts a message.
     *
     * @see Crypt_Base::decrypt()
     * @see self::_crypt()
     * @access public
     * @param string $plaintext
     * @return string $ciphertext
     */
    function encrypt($plaintext)
    {
        if ($this->engine != CRYPT_ENGINE_INTERNAL) {
            return parent::encrypt($plaintext);
        }
        return $this->_crypt($plaintext, CRYPT_RC4_ENCRYPT);
    }

    /**
     * Decrypts a message.
     *
     * $this->decrypt($this->encrypt($plaintext)) == $this->encrypt($this->encrypt($plaintext)).
     * At least if the continuous buffer is disabled.
     *
     * @see Crypt_Base::encrypt()
     * @see self::_crypt()
     * @access public
     * @param string $ciphertext
     * @return string $plaintext
     */
    function decrypt($ciphertext)
    {
        if ($this->engine != CRYPT_ENGINE_INTERNAL) {
            return parent::decrypt($ciphertext);
        }
        return $this->_crypt($ciphertext, CRYPT_RC4_DECRYPT);
    }


    /**
     * Setup the key (expansion)
     *
     * @see Crypt_Base::_setupKey()
     * @access private
     */
    function _setupKey()
    {
        $key = $this->key;
        $keyLength = strlen($key);
        $keyStream = range(0, 255);
        $j = 0;
        for ($i = 0; $i < 256; $i++) {
            $j = ($j + $keyStream[$i] + ord($key[$i % $keyLength])) & 255;
            $temp = $keyStream[$i];
            $keyStream[$i] = $keyStream[$j];
            $keyStream[$j] = $temp;
        }

        $this->stream = array();
        $this->stream[CRYPT_RC4_DECRYPT] = $this->stream[CRYPT_RC4_ENCRYPT] = array(
            0, // index $i
            0, // index $j
            $keyStream
        );
    }

    /**
     * Encrypts or decrypts a message.
     *
     * @see self::encrypt()
     * @see self::decrypt()
     * @access private
     * @param string $text
     * @param int $mode
     * @return string $text
     */
    function _crypt($text, $mode)
    {
        if ($this->changed) {
            $this->_setup();
            $this->changed = false;
        }

        $stream = &$this->stream[$mode];
        if ($this->continuousBuffer) {
            $i = &$stream[0];
            $j = &$stream[1];
            $keyStream = &$stream[2];
        } else {
            $i = $stream[0];
            $j = $stream[1];
            $keyStream = $stream[2];
        }

        $len = strlen($text);
        for ($k = 0; $k < $len; ++$k) {
            $i = ($i + 1) & 255;
            $ksi = $keyStream[$i];
            $j = ($j + $ksi) & 255;
            $ksj = $keyStream[$j];

            $keyStream[$i] = $ksj;
            $keyStream[$j] = $ksi;
            $text[$k] = $text[$k] ^ chr($keyStream[($ksj + $ksi) & 255]);
        }

        return $text;
    }
}