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.\" -*- mode: troff; coding: utf-8 -*- .\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man 5.01 (Pod::Simple 3.43) .\" .\" Standard preamble: .\" ======================================================================== .de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP) .if t .sp .5v .if n .sp .. .de Vb \" Begin verbatim text .ft CW .nf .ne \\$1 .. .de Ve \" End verbatim text .ft R .fi .. .\" \*(C` and \*(C' are quotes in nroff, nothing in troff, for use with C<>. .ie n \{\ . ds C` "" . ds C' "" 'br\} .el\{\ . ds C` . ds C' 'br\} .\" .\" Escape single quotes in literal strings from groff's Unicode transform. .ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq .el .ds Aq ' .\" .\" If the F register is >0, we'll generate index entries on stderr for .\" titles (.TH), headers (.SH), subsections (.SS), items (.Ip), and index .\" entries marked with X<> in POD. Of course, you'll have to process the .\" output yourself in some meaningful fashion. .\" .\" Avoid warning from groff about undefined register 'F'. .de IX .. .nr rF 0 .if \n(.g .if rF .nr rF 1 .if (\n(rF:(\n(.g==0)) \{\ . if \nF \{\ . de IX . tm Index:\\$1\t\\n%\t"\\$2" .. . if !\nF==2 \{\ . nr % 0 . nr F 2 . \} . \} .\} .rr rF .\" ======================================================================== .\" .IX Title "File::Basename 3" .TH File::Basename 3 2023-05-26 "perl v5.38.0" "Perl Programmers Reference Guide" .\" For nroff, turn off justification. Always turn off hyphenation; it makes .\" way too many mistakes in technical documents. .if n .ad l .nh .SH NAME File::Basename \- Parse file paths into directory, filename and suffix. .SH SYNOPSIS .IX Header "SYNOPSIS" .Vb 1 \& use File::Basename; \& \& my ($name, $path, $suffix) = fileparse($fullname, @suffixlist); \& my $name = fileparse($fullname, @suffixlist); \& \& my $basename = basename($fullname, @suffixlist); \& my $dirname = dirname($fullname); .Ve .SH DESCRIPTION .IX Header "DESCRIPTION" These routines allow you to parse file paths into their directory, filename and suffix. .PP \&\fBNOTE\fR: \f(CWdirname()\fR and \f(CWbasename()\fR emulate the behaviours, and quirks, of the shell and C functions of the same name. See each function's documentation for details. If your concern is just parsing paths it is safer to use File::Spec's \f(CWsplitpath()\fR and \&\f(CWsplitdir()\fR methods. .PP It is guaranteed that .PP .Vb 2 \& # Where $path_separator is / for Unix, \e for Windows, etc... \& dirname($path) . $path_separator . basename($path); .Ve .PP is equivalent to the original path for all systems but VMS. .ie n .IP """fileparse""" 4 .el .IP \f(CWfileparse\fR 4 .IX Xref "fileparse" .IX Item "fileparse" .Vb 3 \& my($filename, $dirs, $suffix) = fileparse($path); \& my($filename, $dirs, $suffix) = fileparse($path, @suffixes); \& my $filename = fileparse($path, @suffixes); .Ve .Sp The \f(CWfileparse()\fR routine divides a file path into its \f(CW$dirs\fR, \f(CW$filename\fR and (optionally) the filename \f(CW$suffix\fR. .Sp \&\f(CW$dirs\fR contains everything up to and including the last directory separator in the \f(CW$path\fR including the volume (if applicable). The remainder of the \f(CW$path\fR is the \f(CW$filename\fR. .Sp .Vb 2 \& # On Unix returns ("baz", "/foo/bar/", "") \& fileparse("/foo/bar/baz"); \& \& # On Windows returns ("baz", \*(AqC:\efoo\ebar\e\*(Aq, "") \& fileparse(\*(AqC:\efoo\ebar\ebaz\*(Aq); \& \& # On Unix returns ("", "/foo/bar/baz/", "") \& fileparse("/foo/bar/baz/"); .Ve .Sp If \f(CW@suffixes\fR are given each element is a pattern (either a string or a \&\f(CW\*(C`qr//\*(C'\fR) matched against the end of the \f(CW$filename\fR. The matching portion is removed and becomes the \f(CW$suffix\fR. .Sp .Vb 2 \& # On Unix returns ("baz", "/foo/bar/", ".txt") \& fileparse("/foo/bar/baz.txt", qr/\e.[^.]*/); .Ve .Sp If type is non-Unix (see "fileparse_set_fstype") then the pattern matching for suffix removal is performed case-insensitively, since those systems are not case-sensitive when opening existing files. .Sp You are guaranteed that \f(CW\*(C`$dirs . $filename . $suffix\*(C'\fR will denote the same location as the original \f(CW$path\fR. .ie n .IP """basename""" 4 .el .IP \f(CWbasename\fR 4 .IX Xref "basename filename" .IX Item "basename" .Vb 2 \& my $filename = basename($path); \& my $filename = basename($path, @suffixes); .Ve .Sp This function is provided for compatibility with the Unix shell command \&\f(CWbasename(1)\fR. It does \fBNOT\fR always return the file name portion of a path as you might expect. To be safe, if you want the file name portion of a path use \f(CWfileparse()\fR. .Sp \&\f(CWbasename()\fR returns the last level of a filepath even if the last level is clearly directory. In effect, it is acting like \f(CWpop()\fR for paths. This differs from \f(CWfileparse()\fR's behaviour. .Sp .Vb 3 \& # Both return "bar" \& basename("/foo/bar"); \& basename("/foo/bar/"); .Ve .Sp \&\f(CW@suffixes\fR work as in \f(CWfileparse()\fR except all regex metacharacters are quoted. .Sp .Vb 3 \& # These two function calls are equivalent. \& my $filename = basename("/foo/bar/baz.txt", ".txt"); \& my $filename = fileparse("/foo/bar/baz.txt", qr/\eQ.txt\eE/); .Ve .Sp Also note that in order to be compatible with the shell command, \&\f(CWbasename()\fR does not strip off a suffix if it is identical to the remaining characters in the filename. .ie n .IP """dirname""" 4 .el .IP \f(CWdirname\fR 4 .IX Xref "dirname" .IX Item "dirname" This function is provided for compatibility with the Unix shell command \f(CWdirname(1)\fR and has inherited some of its quirks. In spite of its name it does \fBNOT\fR always return the directory name as you might expect. To be safe, if you want the directory name of a path use \&\f(CWfileparse()\fR. .Sp Only on VMS (where there is no ambiguity between the file and directory portions of a path) and AmigaOS (possibly due to an implementation quirk in this module) does \f(CWdirname()\fR work like \f(CWfileparse($path)\fR, returning just the \&\f(CW$dirs\fR. .Sp .Vb 2 \& # On VMS and AmigaOS \& my $dirs = dirname($path); .Ve .Sp When using Unix or MSDOS syntax this emulates the \f(CWdirname(1)\fR shell function which is subtly different from how \f(CWfileparse()\fR works. It returns all but the last level of a file path even if the last level is clearly a directory. In effect, it is not returning the directory portion but simply the path one level up acting like \f(CWchop()\fR for file paths. .Sp Also unlike \f(CWfileparse()\fR, \f(CWdirname()\fR does not include a trailing slash on its returned path. .Sp .Vb 2 \& # returns /foo/bar. fileparse() would return /foo/bar/ \& dirname("/foo/bar/baz"); \& \& # also returns /foo/bar despite the fact that baz is clearly a \& # directory. fileparse() would return /foo/bar/baz/ \& dirname("/foo/bar/baz/"); \& \& # returns \*(Aq.\*(Aq. fileparse() would return \*(Aqfoo/\*(Aq \& dirname("foo/"); .Ve .Sp Under VMS, if there is no directory information in the \f(CW$path\fR, then the current default device and directory is used. .ie n .IP """fileparse_set_fstype""" 4 .el .IP \f(CWfileparse_set_fstype\fR 4 .IX Xref "filesystem" .IX Item "fileparse_set_fstype" .Vb 2 \& my $type = fileparse_set_fstype(); \& my $previous_type = fileparse_set_fstype($type); .Ve .Sp Normally File::Basename will assume a file path type native to your current operating system (ie. /foo/bar style on Unix, \efoo\ebar on Windows, etc...). With this function you can override that assumption. .Sp Valid \f(CW$types\fR are "MacOS", "VMS", "AmigaOS", "OS2", "RISCOS", "MSWin32", "DOS" (also "MSDOS" for backwards bug compatibility), "Epoc" and "Unix" (all case-insensitive). If an unrecognized \f(CW$type\fR is given "Unix" will be assumed. .Sp If you've selected VMS syntax, and the file specification you pass to one of these routines contains a "/", they assume you are using Unix emulation and apply the Unix syntax rules instead, for that function call only. .SH "SEE ALSO" .IX Header "SEE ALSO" \&\fBdirname\fR\|(1), \fBbasename\fR\|(1), File::Spec